Speed control of a three phase induction motor using pwm. Induction motors are extensively used in industrial and household appliances and consume more than 50% of the total generated electrical energy. Various induction motor speed control methods advantages. Three phase induction motor drive using igbts and constant v. The speed control of poly phase induction motor can be done through the different methods. One text cannot cover all aspects of power electronics in detail. So speed control of this motor is an important agenda. Induction motor this openloop control are the following. It is a 16 bit highperformance digital signal controller dsc. While researching on the internet i came across this one circuit that proposes a model that uses a microcontroller and a triac circuit and a. For induction motor voltage control, the pulses need to be timed for each phase to occur at a point delayed from the zero crossing point the same number of degrees for each phase.
The motor is mounted in a test rig that allows one to control the torque applied to the motor shaft and to measure both rpm and torque. Speed control of a three phase induction motor using pwm inverter 1 jatin j. By using field oriented control, torque and flux of the induction motors can be controlled independently as in dc motors. Then, equation 1 can be shown in terms of magnitude as. Hi all, so im working on a project titled controlling the speed of a single phase induction motor. Speed control of induction motor using cycloconverter. Phase angle control method of speed control of single. Induction motor drives starting braking speed control of. Speed control of induction motor 7 ways to control. Firstly threephase induction motor drive system is simulated in various modes using matlabxilinx, then finally closed loop control of induction motor is simulated using vf method. Induction motor speed control by thyrister youtube. The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a comparator whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. How to control the speed of 3 phase induction motor quora. Induction motor speed controlled by using thyrister based 3phase ac voltage controller.
Induction motor control is complex due to its nonlinear characteristics. In an adjustable speed drive like the dtc drive, the machine normally constitutes an element within a feedback loop and hence its transient behavior has to be taken into. In this model, speed of induction motor is controlled with proper firing angle of ac voltage controller. Proper induction motor speed control would of course be done using a variable frequency drive that varies the phase voltage in proper relation to the frequency as well. In very simple words induction motors can be described as a threephase, selfstarting constant speed ac motors. The 3phase alternating current ac induction motors are mechanically simple, rugged, highly reliable, lower in cost per horsepower than dc motors and capable of more torque and efficiency than singlephase ac motors. The reason for describing induction motors as constant speed is because normally these motors have a constant speed depending. Speed control of induction motor using pid controller pdf. In this thyristor, controlled power system, it is used for step down the 220 v into 12 v ac. Phase angle control method is used for ac power control with thyristor.
Induction motor model the main objective of dtc is to control the induction motor. The project is designed to control ac power to a load by using firing angle control of thyristor. Scalar control of induction motor drives using dspace ds1104 h. Ac control was now possible with a single silicon power device. The first industrial motors of this type were constructed at the end of the nineteenth century and soon gained the favor of users who appreciated their raggedness, simplicity and relatively low manufacturing cost compared to dc commutator motors. The equivalent circuit used for obtaining the mathematical model of the induction motor is shown in the fig. It supplies an induction motor ich has a full load speed of 144wh 0 rpm. A 3phase ac induction motor can be controlled by varying its inputs according to a. Simplified steadystateequivalent circuit of induction motor. The reason for describing induction motors as constant speed is because normally these motors have a constant speed depending on the frequency of. Energy efficient control of threephase induction motor drive. Closed loop controller of induction motor feed by 3phase.
Speed control of an induction motor there is a various method of speed control of an induction motor. The synchronous speed of an induction motor is given by the relation shown below. Mar 01, 2016 induction motor speed control project duration. An induction motor model is then used to predict the voltage required to drive the flux and torque to the demanded values within a fixed time period. Components list of thyristor controlled powe for single phase induction motor.
The dc motor whose speed is to be controlled using the pid controller in the fig. Phase angle control method of speed control of single phase. Find the percentage slip and number of poles of the induction motor. The aim of this study is to improve tracking performance of the induction motor drive. The induction motor drive is a dynamic nonlinear system with uncertainty in the machine parameters. This project is designed using pic16f877a microcontroller and zero crossing detection circuit. Line voltage control the torque developed varies with the square of the applied voltage. Speed control of a three phase induction motor using. The threephase ac induction motor is a rotating electric machine that is designed to operate on a threephase supply. A splitphase motor whose auxiliary winding when connected with a capacitor in series becomes a capacitor start induction motor. It has been more than a century since the principle of the operation of induction motors was discovered.
The control performance of field oriented induction. Supply definition two methods are available to control the supply voltage of the induction machine. Rotorflux orientation i d axis of coordinate system is. Pulse width modulation the most popular power devices for motor control applications are power mosfets and igbts. Pid controller for speed control of vsifed induction motor. Jun 08, 2019 nearly 80% of the worlds ac motors are poly phase induction motors. In addition, electronics can reduce the systems average power consumption and noise generation of the motor. Ac power control with thyristor using pic microcontroller. Power system, 2assistant professor, 3associate professor department of electrical engineering. The principle of operation of this motor is based on.
Speed of a 3 phase induction motor can be controlled by these methods. Control of induction motors by using programmable logic. An843, speed control of 3phase induction motor using pic18 mcus. Jan 09, 2017 speed control methods of induction motor. Motor cad induction motor combined electromagnetic and thermal model february 2015. In this model, speed of induction motor is controlled by using svpwm and pi based closed loop controller is designed. Pdf control limits of threephase ac voltage controller. Speed control of induction motor by variable frequency control. The induction motor cannot make a quickreversal run because of the torque acting in the opposite. The paper in 5 state that the speed control of induction motor im using. The motor with national specifications is of heatproof class 120 e. Power factor is low and lagging when the machine is lightly loaded 2.
Dec 10, 2012 induction motor speed controlled by using thyrister based 3phase ac voltage controller. From the equation 1 it is clear that the motor speed can be changed by a change in frequency f, a number of poles p, and slip s. Speed control of induction motor by variable frequency control variable frequency control is a method which is used to control the speed of an induction motor. Transformer is a static device, used for step up or step down the ac voltages and works on the principle of mutual induction. Speed response of induction motor on full load condition with pi controller figure 8. Three phase induction motor was fully automated using a plc. Slots are pressed out on the internal periphery of the stator laminations. Stopping or passing selected numbers of cycles is too crude for motor control. Speed control of 3 phase induction motor using thyristor. A full analysis is presented of the steadystate performance of a variablevoltage thyristor controlled induction motor system, based on the representation of the. An843, speed control of 3phase induction motor using. A full analysis is presented of the steadystate performance of a variablevoltage thyristor controlled induction motor system, based on the representation of the rotor as a sinusoidal emf in. This paper presents design and analysis of a three phase induction motor drive using igbt. Lecture 6 three phase induction motors cairo university.
An984, an introduction to ac induction motor control using. Due to this the induction motor gets loaded and its speed reduces. Scalar control of induction motor drives using dspace ds1104. Induction motor or asynchronous motor is an ac electric motor in which the rotor torque produced is caused by electromagnetic induction from the stator winding of the magnetic field. Steve bowling microchip technology an introduction to ac induction motor control using the dspic30f mcu. In a torquecontrolled induction motor drive, the maximum output torque and output power besides depend on the motor power rating, also depend on the inverter current rating and the maximum voltage that the inverter can supply to the machine. Single phase induction motor speed control using microcontroller keywords triac, zero crossing detector, avr microcontroller, optocoupler induction motors are using any application such as industrial drives control, speed modulation of a singlephase motor. The results were obtained by three different simulation. When the inverter power capability is higher than the machine power, it should be limited to. Pdf control of induction motor drive using artificial.
Induction motor is now called the racehorse of the industry 1. Speed response of induction motor on full load condition without any controller figure 7. Pdf thyristor based speed control techniques of dc motor. Thyristors are used so much in connection with the control of machines that it is worthwhile to go into some details of both the electric drive to be controlled and the possible thyristor control units. This 3 phase motor is also called as an asynchronous motor.
Direct torque control of three phase induction motor using. Nearly 80% of the worlds ac motors are poly phase induction motors. The speed response of induction motor is checked for without controller, with pi controller and with pid controller which is shown in figure 6, 7 and 8. The above explained method of controlling a 3phase induction motor is actually quite crude since it has no vhz control it simply employs switching the mains onoff at different rates to produce an average power to the motor and control the speed by altering this average ac to the motor. Three phase motor control using scr the stator voltage can be reduced by delaying triggering pulses of the scr, if we delay these pulses the voltage may be reduced from rated ip voltage, which causes to decrease the speed of motor. Disadvantages of 3 phase induction motor induction motor has low inherent starting torque draw large starting currents, typically 68 x their full load values speeds not easily controlled as dc motors operate with a poor lagging power factor when lightly loaded induction motor components an induction motor has two main parts. If the induction motor is operating in the linear magnetic region, the lm is constant.
The important aspects of operation, protection and control are described. Microcontroller based pwm controlled four switch three phase inverter fed. Its are the most widely used motors for appliances, industrial control, and automation. This configuration helps to improve the starting torque and the of the induction. Power electronics thyristor controlled power for electric. It is therefore important to optimize the efficiency of electrical drive systems under certain operating conditions. The synchronous speed and therefore, the speed of the motor can be controlled by varying the supply frequency.
Motor speed control quiz questions electrician exams. Before discussing the methods to control the speed of three phase induction motor one should know the necessary formulas of speed and torque of three phase induction motor as the methods of speed control depends upon these formulas 7 synchronous speed, ns. Thyristor is used as a switch to control flow of power. In the 1960s, bidirectional thyristors, called triacs, where introduced. Induction motor controlled by ac voltage controller file. Microcontroller based pwm controlled four switch three.
The perphase equivalent circuit of an induction motor is valid only in steadystate condition. Software platform namely siemens ladder logic programming s7200 was comprehended, analyzed and implemented. Firstly threephase induction motor drive system is simulated in various modes using matlabxilinx, then finally closed loop control of induction motor is. Thyristor controlled power for induction motor eeweb. Performance of induction motor fieldweakening operation. Speed control of induction motor 7 ways to control induction. The present work was motivated to develop a scheme to monitor and control by using plc. Pdf simulation of thyristor operated induction generator.
Thyristor controlled power for single phase induction motor. Jan 28, 2020 the above explained method of controlling a 3phase induction motor is actually quite crude since it has no vhz control it simply employs switching the mains onoff at different rates to produce an average power to the motor and control the speed by altering this average ac to the motor. Rotor resistance control of induction motor electrical4u. An introduction there are various methods for the speed control of an induction motor.
The stator of a 3 phase induction motor is built up of sheet steel laminations insulated from each other. E a lewis cycloconverter drive systems power electronics and variable speed drives, conference publication no. The paper presents simulation results about thyristor operation of a mains connected induction machine, both as a motor and as a generator. Before discussing, induction motor drives its important to understand and know about induction motors. To control both polarities of the ac supply either two scrs had to be used, co n nected in antiparallel, or a single scr inside a full wave bridge rectifier ref. Speed control of induction motor using pi and pid controller.
Induction motor can be controlled with the help of pid controller with the use. Here we will discuss about the speed control of wound rotor induction motor using variation of rotor resistance. Ac power control with thyristor using pic microcontroller project is designed to control ac power flow across load. We know that t he speed of the induction motor is given by, from the above equation, the speed of the motor can be controlled by changing supply frequency and by changing number of poles in the stator. Like all electrical machines, the induction motor consists of a stator and rotor.
A three phase, 12 pole, salient pole alternator is coupled to a diesel engine running at 500 rpm. Pwm controlled cycloconverter fed split phase induction motor international journal of advanced research in electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering, vol. Control of induction motor drive using artificial neural network. You should also make a dc measurement of stator winding linetoline resistance using a dmm. The dc machine which is acting as the load to induction motor is controlled by a switch, for which a potentiometer is connected in series for varying the speed of the dc machine, so that the induction motor gets loaded and its speed also varies. The rotor speed of an induction motor is given by the equation shown below. Dec 10, 2012 in this model, speed of induction motor is controlled by using svpwm and pi based closed loop controller is designed.
Single phase induction motor speed control using microcontroller. The need for energy conservation is increasing the requirements for saving the electrical energy. Model number m800006 outline dimension drawing see figure 4 nameplate data 1 see figure 5 rated frequency 50 hz motor location indoor altitude less than meters relative humidity less than 90% ambient temp 40 degrees c max duty type continuous weight approx. Jun 08, 2019 before discussing, induction motor drives its important to understand and know about induction motors. These devices can be controlled using pwm signals to generate continuously variable drive voltages and currents. Record all nameplate information for the induction motor.